Quarks

Quarks. They come in flavors. The flavors are paired though, by color. UP pairs with DOWN-one color. CHARM pairs with STRANGE-another color. TOP Pairs with BOTTOM-a third color. Quarks have a spin of one half, which means if you rotate a quark half a turn, it is the same as it was before you started rotating. They are not physical objects though, and they do not actually rotate. These three colors actually stack by ontogeny. Top and Bottom are thousands of times heavier than Charm and Strange, and a thousand times more unstable. Likewise, Charm and Strange are heavier than Top and Bottom, and unstable. Each color of quark has a corresponding lepton, and a corresponding neutrino. There are electrons, muons, tauons. Muons, as you might guess, are heavy, tauons are alarmingly heavy...electrons are light. Every particle has an antiparticle. There are positrons, for instance. Everything arranges itself by color. A proton is composed of up and down quarks (two of one, one of the other), neutrons have the inverse (two down quarks, one up quark). This explains their charge, by the way, because an UP quark has a +2/3 charge, and a DOWN quark has a -2/3 charge. Three quarks together somehow invoke the existence of a massless gluon, like a photon, except they only exist within a proton, holding it together, forever, though it can switch to a neutron, by changing the status of one of the quarks. This process releases a neutrino. Neutrinos are massless too, by the way. They are not exactly within protons, but changes in quarks invoke their existence, to conserve angular momentum. You can make mesons out of two quarks, by the way, but mesons are not stable. I do not know what happens when mesons decay though, into gamma rays, neutrinos, and antineutrions, lone quarks are impossible for some fundamental reason, more like why you cannot have just the inside of a basketball without the outside, somewhere, rather than why you cannot have half a cat, which in fact, you can, but it decays into a dead cat quickly and bisected cat is not really half the whole. None of this stuff is either there, or not there, in the sense you might think, because there are an infinite number of virtual quarks, and virtual other particles, that do not exist at the moment, whose existence can be invoked by the right set of conditions...in coming into existence, energy is transferred into matter, the opposite of the destruction of matter that occurs when fission or fusion occur. You can make a hydrogen atom from two up quarks, and a down one, a gluon, and an electron. For good measure, throw in a neutron-a gluon and two downs plus an up. Now, if you really want to, you can replicate an age of matter that probably existed for a few hundred years after the big bang, or less, maby. Make mater out of strange and charm quarks, and surround it with muons. You could do it. You could even make matter out of top and bottom quarks. Surround it with tauons. This matter would be superheavy, superunstable. The quarks would decay into charm and strange, then the charm and strange would decay into up and down. It would be great while it lasted. In the end, matter, not antimatter. If there were no top and bottom, there would be no assymetry, and antimatter everywhere, colliding with matter, releasing gamma rays. In the end, no matter. But I am composed of both matter and energy as I type this. The math actually makes sense in five dimensions, spacetime and a fifth, strange and bounded and not infinite. Therefore, it is significant that top and bottom quarks once existed.
There are approximately 140 types of mesons. A meson has a quark and an antiquark. Two normal quarks will not stick together. You can make a meson, called a K meson, out of a strange quark and an anti-down quark. It is unstable, decaying into a pion. A D meson, by the way is composed of an anti-up and a charm. D mesons, apparently, can flip into an antimatter state, composed of up, and anticharm. Antimesons. Pions are the lightest mesons, the normalest ones, composed of up and antidown down quarks, or down and antiup (an antipion). No meson is really stable. They decay into neutrino plus antineutrino. Kaons are heavy and surprisingly stable, composed of strange and anti-up quarks. A very heavy one is the upsilon, a bottom quark and an antibottom.
This fifth dimensional space, which is bounded, has a top and a bottom, one spin is at the top, one spin is at the bottom, of this domain. Top and Bottom, Up and Down, Charm and Strange, opposing walls, opposite spins, of one half. In the middle, all hell breaks loose, matter is obscenely heavy and not real in the usual sense. You can flip through a dimension like this, but not really ever be there.
Spin, parity, and angular momentum, are conserved during all the flipping. They are the parameters within which the particles exist, and we only think we know the particles are there because we infer their existence from the rules.